Gems are defined as any stone that is rare or extremely brilliant. Examples include the diamond, sapphire, emerald, and ruby. The clarity (clearness) of the stone allows light to shine through creating a prisms or shimmer of light that surrounds the gem, especially in sunlight. In some areas of research the opal and pearl are added to the gem list.
Stones that are used in jewelry are called semi-precious. These stones are usually opaque in color rather than clear and easily visible.
Precious stones are ones that have been formed over a long period of time. The diamond is the most common precious stone. Other stones can be made to resemble a diamond such a the cubic zirconium. (Ask any woman what she really wants and the diamond always wins out because it is the real precious stone, not an imitation.)
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